vuvuzela (부부젤라)

요즘 월드컵 경기를 볼때 마다 귀에 거슬리는 부부젤라...마치 수만마리 벌떼들이 비행할때 내는 소리 같습니다.
저소음의 근원지가 무엇인지 궁금해 찾아 봤습니다...
가격은 남아공 현지에서 한화로 대략 1만5천원 정도에 팔리고 있는데 TV 등을 통해 전세계인들을 당혹스럽게 하고 있는 '부부젤라'의 음량은 120~140데시벨 수준입니다. 항공기가 이륙할 때 발생하는 소음이 120데시벨 가량, 코끼리가 크게 울부짖을 때가 140데시벨 인 점을 감안하면 그 위력이 더욱 쉽게 이해되더군요...-_-;;

A vuvuzela (English pronunciation: /vuːvuːˈzeɪlə/) , sometimes called a "lepatata" (its Setswana name) or a stadium horn, is a blowing horn approximately 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in length. It is commonly blown by fans at football matches in South Africa. The instrument requires some lip and lung strength to blow and emits a loud monotone (B♭).^[1] A similar instrument (known as corneta in Brazil and other Latin American countries) is used by football fans in South America.^{[citation needed]}

Vuvuzelas have been controversial.^[2] They have been associated with permanent noise-induced hearing loss,^[3] cited as a possible safety risk when spectators can't hear evacuation announcements,^[4] and potentially spread colds and flu viruses on a greater scale than coughing or shouting.^[5][6] Commentators have described the sound as "annoying" and compared it with "a stampede of noisy elephants,"^[7] "a deafening swarm of locusts,"^[8] "a goat on the way to slaughter"^[9] and "a giant hive full of very angry bees."^[10]

The sound level of the instrument has been measured at 131 dB(A) at the opening of the horn and at 113 dB(A) two metres in front of the opening, both dangerously high levels for unprotected ears.^[11]

This type of plastic horn or trumpet has been used in Mexican stadiums since the 1970s.^{[citation needed]} Originally made out of tin, the vuvuzela became popular in South Africa in the 1990s. Well-known Kaizer Chiefs FC fan Freddie "Saddam" Maake claims to have invented the vuvuzela by adapting an aluminium version as early as 1965 from a bicycle horn after removing the black rubber to blow with his mouth. He later found it to be too short and joined a pipe to make it longer. Maake has photos of him in the 1970s and 1980s at local South African games and international games in 1992 and 1996 and at the 1998 World Cup in France, holding the aluminium vuvuzela. He says the instrument was banned as authorities ruled it a dangerous weapon, which prompted him to find a plastic company that could manufacture it.^[12]

In 2001, South Africa-based company Masincedane Sport began to mass-produce a plastic version.^[13][14] Neil van Schalkwyk, the co-owner of Masincedane Sport, won the SAB KickStart Award in 2001.^[15]

Vuvuzelas have been said to be based on kudu horn instruments and thus rooted in African history, but this is disputed.^[16][13] During the last quarter of a match, supporters blow vuvuzelas frantically in an attempt to "kill off" their opponents.^[17][18]

Origin of the term

The origin of the name vuvuzela is disputed. It may have originated from Zulu for "making a vuvu noise," directly translated "vuvu-ing" because of the "vuvu" sound it makes, or from township slang related to the word for "shower".^[13]

Legal challenge

In early 2010 members of the Nazareth Baptist Church claimed that the vuvuzela belonged to their church, and threatened to pursue legal action to stop fans playing the vuvuzela at the World Cup.^[19]